Hashes

[wtd]

A Hash, or "associative array" can be thought of as very similar to a regular array, except that instead of indexing by numbers we can (in terms of Ruby at least) index by anything. Most commonly we use strings.

So, if I want to have information about an individual, I could write:

code:

info = ["Bob Smith", 42, "129 55th Ave"]

Now, how to I retrieve the name? Oh, right. I need to remember that it's the first element in the array.

code:

name = info[0]

Now I could change the age:

code:

info[1] += 1

But, in these cases I have to go back and look at the original creation of the array to see where each item is. There has to be a better way.

There is. Instead of using an array, use a hash.

code:

info = { "name" => "Bob Smith", "age" => 42, "address" => "129 55th Ave" }

Now, let's get the name again.

code:

name = info["name"]

And let's change the age.

code:

info["age"] += 1

Any other questions?

[Tony]

I was actually hoping for a bit more advanced hash handling.

Such as looping through the elements and adding new hashes to the list.

[wtd]

Getting all keys:

code:

my_hash = {"foo" => "bar"} my_hash.keys

Getting all values:

code:

my_hash = {"foo" => "bar"} my_hash.values

Looping:

code:

my_hash = {"foo" => "bar"} my_hash.each { |key, value| puts "#{key}: #{value}" } my_hash.each { |pair| puts "#{pair.first}: #{pair.last}" } for key, value in my_hash    puts "#{key}: #{value}" end for pair in my_hash    puts "#{pair.first}: #{pair.last}"    end

Determining if a hash contains a particular key or value:

code:

my_hash = {"foo" => "bar"} my_hash.has_key? "foo" my_hash.has_value? "bar"

Adding to a hash:

code:

my_hash = {"foo" => "bar"} my_hash["hello"] = "world"

[wtd]

More.

Let's start with removing entries from a hash if they meet certain conditions. Ket's say we want to remove any entry where the value is exactly two times the key.

code:

my_hash = {"a" => "aa", "b" => "bbb", 9 => 19, 4 => 8} new_hash = my_hash.reject { |key, value| value == key * 2 }

new_hash is now:

code:

{"b" => "bbb", 9 => 19}

Next... ever want the keys and values switched?

code:

my_hash = {"a" => "aa", "b" => "bbb", 9 => 19, 4 => 8} new_hash = my_hash.invert

And one last trick:

Ever want to retrieve multiple entries into an array?

code:

my_hash = {"a" => "aa", "b" => "bbb", 9 => 19, 4 => 8} my_array = my_hash.indexes("a", 9)

[wtd]

Anything else anyone would like to know about Ruby hashes?

[Tony]

thx wtd, awesome examples as always